Friday, December 29, 2023

 


reduction

Sodium and water

excretion + initial

venodi latory

effects

Onset: 1 5-30 min

Same

Onset 10 min

Same

Onset 10 min

Same

Onset 5 min

Primarily Beta 1,

some Beta 2 &

alpha

Low dose: dopamine

intermed: Beta 1 & 2

High dose: alpha

Alpha, Beta 1

Adverse Effects

Hypotension,

tachycardia,

headache

Hypotension,

tachycardia,

headache

Hypotension,

cyanide &

thiocyanate

toxicity

Electrolyte

abnormal ities

Sulfa allergy

Ototoxicity

Same

Same

Same

Vasodilator

potential may

decrease BP

variabil ity in

dose-related

effects

vasoconstriction

Notes

Assess BP between doses.

Should not be used longer than

24 hours as tachyphylaxis/

tolerance develops.

Risk of toxicity increases with

prolonged use and larger

doses. Rebound vasoconstriction may occur.

Patients on chronic home therapy

or with renal insufficiency will

require higher dosing.

May be used with furosemide

allergy

May be used with sulfa allergy

Primarily inotropic, limited by

vasodi lation

May be used with dobutamine as

second agent in cardiogenic

shock

May be used with dobutamine as

second agent in cardiogenic

shock

The outpatient management of CHF includes treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and

beta-blockers, as both have been shown to reduce patient

mortality. Of note, both of these agents are contraindicated

in patients with acute decompensation. Oral furosemide is

typically used for symptomatic relief, but no mortality

benefits have ever been demonstrated.

cases require an inpatient work-up including echocardiography and medication titration. All admitted patients require

education regarding medication compliance, as more than half

will be readmitted for the same within the next 6 months.

..... Discharge

Asymptomatic patients with stable vital signs and a negative

ED work-up may be safely discharged provided the precipi ­

tant for their presentation has been identified and adequately

addressed. Counsel these patients on the disease process and

the importance of medication and dietary compliance.

Provide appropriate discharge instructions, including r eturn

precautions, and arrange close outpatient follow-up.

DISPOSITION

..... Admission

The vast majority of patients with acute CHF exacerbations

require admission to a monitored unit Previously undiagnosed

CHAPTER 15

SUGGESTED READING

Collins S, Storrow AB, Kirk JD, et al. Beyond pulmonary edema:

Diagnostic, risk stratification, and treatment challenges of

acute heart failure management in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2008;5 1 :45.

Heart Failure Society of America, Lindenfeld J, Albert NM, et al.

HFSA 2010 Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline.

J Card Fail. 20 10;16:el.

Peacock WF. Congestive heart failure and acute pulmonary

edema. In: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM,

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